如何在 Next.js 中考虑数据安全

import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
 
export default async function Page() {
  const cookieStore = cookies()
  const token = cookieStore.get('AUTH_TOKEN')?.value
 
  const res = await fetch('https://api.example.com/profile', {
    headers: {
      Cookie: `AUTH_TOKEN=${token}`,
      // Other headers
    },
  })
 
  // ....
}

import { cache } from 'react'
import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
 
// Cached helper methods makes it easy to get the same value in many places
// without manually passing it around. This discourages passing it from Server
// Component to Server Component which minimizes risk of passing it to a Client
// Component.
export const getCurrentUser = cache(async () => {
  const token = cookies().get('AUTH_TOKEN')
  const decodedToken = await decryptAndValidate(token)
  // Don't include secret tokens or private information as public fields.
  // Use classes to avoid accidentally passing the whole object to the client.
  return new User(decodedToken.id)
})

import 'server-only'
import { getCurrentUser } from './auth'
 
function canSeeUsername(viewer: User) {
  // Public info for now, but can change
  return true
}
 
function canSeePhoneNumber(viewer: User, team: string) {
  // Privacy rules
  return viewer.isAdmin || team === viewer.team
}
 
export async function getProfileDTO(slug: string) {
  // Don't pass values, read back cached values, also solves context and easier to make it lazy
 
  // use a database API that supports safe templating of queries
  const [rows] = await sql`SELECT * FROM user WHERE slug = ${slug}`
  const userData = rows[0]
 
  const currentUser = await getCurrentUser()
 
  // only return the data relevant for this query and not everything
  // <https://www.w3.org/2001/tag/doc/APIMinimization>
  return {
    username: canSeeUsername(currentUser) ? userData.username : null,
    phonenumber: canSeePhoneNumber(currentUser, userData.team)
      ? userData.phonenumber
      : null,
  }
}

import { getProfile } from '../../data/user'
 
export async function Page({ params: { slug } }) {
  // This page can now safely pass around this profile knowing
  // that it shouldn't contain anything sensitive.
  const profile = await getProfile(slug);
  ...
}

import Profile from './components/profile.tsx'
 
export async function Page({ params: { slug } }) {
  const [rows] = await sql`SELECT * FROM user WHERE slug = ${slug}`
  const userData = rows[0]
  // EXPOSED: This exposes all the fields in userData to the client because
  // we are passing the data from the Server Component to the Client.
  return <Profile user={userData} />
}

'use client'
 
// BAD: This is a bad props interface because it accepts way more data than the
// Client Component needs and it encourages server components to pass all that
// data down. A better solution would be to accept a limited object with just
// the fields necessary for rendering the profile.
export default async function Profile({ user }: { user: User }) {
  return (
    <div>
      <h1>{user.name}</h1>
      ...
    </div>
  )
}

import { sql } from './db'
 
export async function getUser(slug: string) {
  const [rows] = await sql`SELECT * FROM user WHERE slug = ${slug}`
  const user = rows[0]
 
  // Return only the public fields
  return {
    name: user.name,
  }
}

import { getUser } from '../data/user'
import Profile from './ui/profile'
 
export default async function Page({
  params: { slug },
}: {
  params: { slug: string }
}) {
  const publicProfile = await getUser(slug)
  return <Profile user={publicProfile} />
}

module.exports = {
  experimental: {
    taint: true,
  },
}

import 'server-only'
 
//...

// BAD: Trusting searchParams directly
export default async function Page({ searchParams }) {
  const isAdmin = searchParams.get('isAdmin')
  if (isAdmin === 'true') {
    // Vulnerable: relies on untrusted client data
    return <AdminPanel />
  }
}
 
// GOOD: Re-verify every time
import { cookies } from 'next/headers'
import { verifyAdmin } from './auth'
 
export default async function Page() {
  const token = cookies().get('AUTH_TOKEN')
  const isAdmin = await verifyAdmin(token)
 
  if (isAdmin) {
    return <AdminPanel />
  }
}

'use server'
 
import { auth } from './lib'
 
export function addItem() {
  const { user } = auth()
  if (!user) {
    throw new Error('You must be signed in to perform this action')
  }
 
  // ...
}

export default async function Page() {
  const publishVersion = await getLatestVersion();
 
  async function publish() {
    "use server";
    if (publishVersion !== await getLatestVersion()) {
      throw new Error('The version has changed since pressing publish');
    }
    ...
  }
 
  return (
    <form>
      <button formAction={publish}>Publish</button>
    </form>
  );
}